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Perennial Veldt grass​ flowers pre-opening © Christopher Stephens

Perennial Veldt grass

Ehrharta calycina

Quick facts

Status
Permitted s11
Life Cycle
Perennial
Growth Form
Grass
Origin
Southern Africa
Flowers
Reddish/Purple
Dispersal
Birds, other animals, wind

Names

Other Common Names: Ehrharta, Perennial Veld Grass, Veldt Grass and Purple veldtgrass 

Form and function

Plant grows up to 80 cm tall and reaches maturity in approximately one year. Its seedbank can persist from a few days to up to five years. Fire enhances seed production and germination and encourages plants to resprout; however, intense fires can reduce the seedbank because seeds accumulate in the topsoil, where they are more susceptible to high temperatures.

Flowers

  • Flowers arranged in a narrow (7 to 25 cm long) panicle that droops slightly. 
  • Panicle branches very unequal in length and somewhat flexuous.
  • Flowers are reddish to purple in colour.

Perennial Veldt Grass flowers pre-opening © Russell Cumming

Leaves

  • Leaf blades narrow (2 to 6 mm wide).
  • Surfaces roughened, hairless or sometimes hairy.
  • Ligule is short and blunt.
  • Ligule is margins finely toothed and fringed with hairs.

​​Perennial Veldt grass​ leaf close up © chris

Roots

  • Short rhizomes present.
  • Capable of vigorous resprouting from the base after drought stress. 

​​Perennial Veldt grass​ © Richard Boon

Habitat

Occurs in environments that experience seasonal dryness. Prefers sandy and loamy soils. Prefers acidic to neutral soils. Able to establish across a wide range of temperature and light conditions. Does not tolerate waterlogged or low‑oxygen soils and does not tolerate high soil salinity.

May be confused with...

Similar non-native species: ​​Panic Veldt Grass (Ehrharta erecta). Similar to Annual Veldt Grass (Ehrharta Longiflora​) except annual veldt grass is a looser and more sprawling tuft whereas perennial is an upright tussock.  Annual veldt grass has dropping seeds and perennial has drooping green-purple spikelets and perennial veldt grass has upright, reddish-purple spikelets.

How does it spread?

​Dispersal by water, wind, birds, mammals and slashing.

Why is it a weed?

​​It poses a significant threat to Banksia woodlands on sandy soils near Perth. It thrives with frequent disturbance, especially fire and elevated nutrient levels. It grows rapidly, resists drought and resprouts vigorously after stress. High seed production creates dense soil seed banks and seeds germinate quickly under varied conditions, outcompeting native species. This grass can alter nutrient cycles and may change soil properties over time, including increasing water repellence.​ 

History

​​Introduced into Western Australia around 1900 as a forage crop​ and cultivated in Western Australia, Victoria and South Australia as a drought resistant pasture. Also used for erosion control. 

How to control

Physical

​​For small infestations, hand pull or using 'grubbing removal methods', remove plants ensuring full crown removal.

​Do not slash any infestations as the plants will resprout vigorously from the base after being cut and will help promote further regrowth and spread.​ 

Chemical

For small infestations, spot spray using either 160 mL Fluazifop (128 g/L), 100 mL Fluazifop (212 g/L), or 60 mL Haloxyfop (520 g/L) in 10 L of water. For large infestations with actively growing plants, apply 3.3 L Fluazifop (212 g/L) in 100 L of water per hectare. Where infestations are dense, increase the spray volume to 250 L/ha to ensure good coverage. A wetting agent is recommended for all applications.

Follow up treatments may be required in subsequent years. Fluazifop is a selective grass herbicide; however, tolerance to this herbicide has been observed in some urban bushland populations. The non-selective herbicide glyphosate at 1% w/v is also effective for controlling veldt grass.

Weed Distribution Map

LSID number: [2921246] | full LSID: [https:/id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2921246] | field_lsid: [] | taxon: [Ehrharta calycina]

ALA Reference

References

  • Atlas of Living Australia. (n.d.) Ehrharta calycina Sm. Atlas of Living Australia.
  • Bell, U. (2008) Common Native Grasses of South-West WA. Department of Environment and Conservation.
  • Brown, K., & Paczkowska, G. (2005). Managing weeds in bushland - The perennial tussock forming grass weeds. Environmental Weeds Action Network.
  • Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. (1989) Veld Grass Control in Kings Park - An Outline of Measures to Eradicate and Control Veld Grass.
  • Stephen. (2016, October 5) Trouble from the Veldt. Recreating the Country Blog.
  • Urban Bushland Council WA. (n.d.). Perennial Veldt Grass. Urban Bushland Council WA.
  • Weeds of Australia. (n.d.). Ehrharta calycina Sm. Weeds of Australia; Lucidcentral.
  • Western Australian Herbarium (1998–) Florabase—the Western Australian flora. Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

Life Cycle

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Notes
Germination
Active growth
Flowering
Fruiting
Regularly or most commonly
Occasionally, given suitable conditions

Management

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Notes
Physical
Foliar spray
Optimal
Potentially, but conditionally dependent
Last updated: September 2026